Toponymes normands comme preuve de la présence des Vikings

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Message26 Mai 2015, 17:42

-ville Vikinger i Normandiet: Normanniske stednavne som kilde til vikingernes tilstedeværelse
Vikings -ville en Normandie: Toponymes normands comme preuve de la présence des Vikings

de Johnny Grandjean Gøgsig Jakobsen
in Otteogtyvende tværfaglige vikingesymposium, eds. M. Bruus & L. Bisgaard (Århus: Forlaget Hikuin, 2009), pp 21-34.

Cet article est basé sur un document remis au 28ème Tværfaglige Vikingesymposium» (28 ème Symposium interdisciplinaire Viking) tenu à Odense le 15 mai 2009. Il offre un aperçu actualisé des études savantes concernant les traces de toponymie de peuplement scandinave en Normandie (Nord France) durant les colonisations Viking du 10ème siècle.

résumé :content-29: avec des cartes de répartition intéressantes :content-29:
This article is based on a paper given at the 28th Danish ‘Tværfaglige Vikingesymposium’ (Interdisciplinary Viking Symposium’) held in Odense on 15 May 2009. It offers an updated overview of scholarly studies concerning place-name evidence of Scandinavian settlement in Normandy (Northern France) during the Viking colonisations of the 10th century.

While Scandinavian generics (i.e. place-name suffix types) like by and -thorp are very common in the Danelaw region of England, which was colonised by Scandinavian Vikings during the 9-11th centuries, only 16 place-names in torp and none in by are known from Normandy. In stead, generics of Scandinavian origin are mainly found in -tot (toft) and tuit (tved), and to a less extent in beuf (bod), -bec (bæk), -gard (gaard), and -houlm (holm). The most extensive Scandinavian influence in Norman toponomy is, however, found in the specifics (i.e. the first part of place-names) of a different generic,
namely ville, which is a place-name type of Frankish origin,
possibly going back to the 7-8th centuries, bearing the meaning ‘land (landed area)’. Settlement - names in ville are widespread all over France, but in Normandy, many of them tend to have non-Frankish personal names as their specifics, like Gonneville (‘Gunulf’s land’) and Toutainville (‘Thorstein’s land’). This is a phenomenon well-known in the English Danelaw region as well with the so-called ‘Grimston hybrids’, where about 50 settlements with names in the Anglo-Saxon generic ton have Scandinavian personal names as their specific. Thus, these ville-settlements were hardly established by the Vikings, but only renamed after their arrival, and the same may very well be the case for those in -tot, -tuit, -beuf, etc.

Studies of the personal names found in Norman ville-names furthermore suggests a predominance of Danish and Anglo-Danish names in the eastern part of Normandy between Rouen and Fécamp around the Lower Seine, whereas Norwegian and Celtic names are more common in the ville-names of the Cotentin Peninsula in the west. Besides this possible division of the colonisation of Normandy between Danes in the east and Norwegians in the west, recent studies strongly suggest that the main push of the settlement did not come from Scandinavia itself as much as from Scandinavian colonies on the British Isles. This might reflect the increasing Anglo-Saxon recapture of Danelaw districts from 917 onwards, where Scandinavian settlers, along with their English and Gallic allies, may have preferred a move southwards to Normandy, which had been granted to the Viking chieftain Rollo in 911.

ville_vikinger_i_Normandiet.pdf

https://www.academia.edu/12221621/ville ... C3%A6relse
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